Rare Pictures Of Hyderabad...

Rare Hyderabad Pictures


Makkah Masjid in 1948


Moazzam Jahi Marketplace building



Palace of the Hyderabad Royal Family.


Today's A.P Assembly building


State Central Library - Afzalgunj


Osmania General Hospital


State Banquet honoring the visit of the Viceroy of India


Dawakhana Unani - Charminar


State Cavalry heading a
procession thru the streets of Hyderabad (1948)


Nizam's personal elephant

Haji's departing (from Nampally station?)

Mir Osman Ali Khan, reviewing the troops march from the royal box (probably in Parade grounds Secunderabad)

Nizam's Guard Buckle

Nizam Of Hyderabad

Hyderabad Entrance
Photograph of the entrance bridge to the city of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, from the Curzon Collection: 'Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1892'. This view was taken by Lala Deen Dayal (1844-1905) in the 1880s. Dayal took up photography in the 1870s and in 1884 became official photographer to the Nizam of Hyderabad, with studios in Secunderabad and Indore. Hyderabad was founded beside the River Musi in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (r.1580-1612) as an alternative to his capital at Golconda. Later, Hyderabad became the capital of the Nizams of Hyderabad, who ruled over one of the largest states in India from 1724 to 1948. The dynasty was founded by Nizam al-Mulk, entitled Asaf Jah (d. 1748) who had arrived in the Deccan as the Mughal governor before declaring his independence. During their time in power the Nizams constructed many buildings of architectural importance.

Charminar
Photograph of a street in Hyderabad looking towards the Char Minar, taken by Deen Dayal in the 1880s. This is from the Curzon Collection: 'Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1892'. Hyderabad was founded beside the River Musi in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (r.1580-1612) as an alternative to his capital at Golconda. The town was laid out in a grid pattern with two main roads running east to west and north to south; the Char Minar, or Four Towers, sits at the intersection of these two roads. This ceremonial strucuture was built in 1591 to mark the centre of the city. It comprises four imposing arched portals with arcaded storeys and geometric screens above. The four corner minarets, crowned with domical finials, contain spiral staircases opening onto triple tiers of balconies. The Mecca mosque, begun in 1617, can be seen to the right of this image.


The Char Minar, Hyderabad," an engraving from Fullarton's Gazetteer, London, 1850.
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The Char Minar gate, Hyderabad, in the 1880's; an albumen photo, possibly by Lala Deen Dayal

The Char Minar gate, Hyderabad, in the 1880's; an albumen photo, possibly by Lala Deen Dayal

Old Photo

Photograph of a main street in Hyderabad, looking towards the Char Minar, taken by Deen Dayal in the 1880s. This is from the Curzon Collection: 'Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1892'. Hyderabad was founded beside the River Musi in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (r.1580-1612) as an alternative to his capital at Golconda. The town was laid out in a grid pattern with two main roads running east to west and north to south; the Char Minar sits at the intersection of these two roads. The Char Minar, or Four Towers, was built in 1591 to mark the centre of the city. This ceremonial structure comprises four imposing arched portals with arcaded storeys and geometric screens above. The four corner minarets are crowned with domical finials. They contain spiral staircases opening onto triple tiers of balconies.

Stereographic photograph of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, taken by James Ricalton in c. 1903, from The Underwood Travel Library: Stereoscopic Views of India. Hyderabad was founded beside the River Musi in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (r.1580-1612) as an alternative to his capital at Golconda. The town was laid out in a grid pattern with two main roads running east to west and north to south; the Char Minar sits at the intersection of these two roads. The Char Minar, or Four Towers, seen in the background of this view, was built in 1591 to mark the centre of the city. This ceremonial structure comprises four imposing arched portals with arcaded storeys and geometric screens above. The four corner minarets are crowned with domical finials. They contain spiral staircases opening onto triple tiers of balconies. This image is described by Ricalton in 'India Through the Stereoscope' (1907), "Two of the Nizam's state elephants have intruded athwart the street and obstructed our view...These two have just come out from the great archway on the left; they are being brought out in readiness to convey some traveler to Golconda." This is one of a series of 100 photographs, designed to be viewed through a special binocular viewer, producing a 3D effect, which were sold together with a book of descriptions and a map. Stereoscopic cameras, those with two lenses and the ability to take two photographs at the same time, were introduced in the mid 19th century.

Photograph of a street in Secunderabad, Andrea Pradeah, taken by Deen Dayal in the 1880s, from the Curzon Collection: 'Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1892'. Secunderabad, twin city of Hyderabad, was founded after an alliance between Hyderabad?s Nizam Sikander Jah and the British East India Company in 1798. Following the treaty, secured by Major James Achilles Kirkpatrick, an area north of Hussain Sagar lake was made into a cantonment. Soon after the treaty was signed 5,000 British troops arrived and camped in the new cantonment of Secunderabad, which was laid out in 1806 and named after the Nizam. Initially it encompassed an area of four square miles and had a population of 5,000 troops plus several thousand civilians. However, 60 years later it had increased to 17 square miles and had a population, including the armed forces, of 50,000.

Photograph of mills at Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Curzon Collection: 'Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1892', taken by Deen Dayal in the 1880s. Hyderabad was founded beside the River Musi in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (r.1580-1612) as an alternative to his capital at Golconda. Later, Hyderabad became the capital of the Nizams of Hyderabad, who ruled over one of the largest states in India. The dynasty was founded by Nizam al-Mulk, entitled Asaf Jah (d. 1748) who arrived in the Deccan as the Mughal governor. In 1724 Asaf Jah declared independence and established the dynasty of Nizams who ruled until 1948. There were no modern industries in Hyderabad before 1874 but a few years later railway workshops were established nearby and four factories sprang up south and east of the Hussain Sagar lake. These industrial units became the centre of new settlements. This is a view of the mills and the nearby canal.

Photograph showing the Scotch Kirk and cemetery, with the cantonment parade ground and race course beyond, at Secunderabad (now in Andhra Pradesh) taken by Lala Deen Dayal, c. 1890.
Secunderabad is situated in Andhra Pradesh next to Hyderabad, its older twin city (founded c. 1590). The Nizam of Hyderabad, Sikander Jah, entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company in 1798, involving military and political cooperation. Under the alliance an area north of Hussain Sagar lake was to be made a cantonment. Soon after the alliance was signed 5,000 British troops arrived and camped north of Hyderabad; the cantonment was laid out in 1806 and named after the Nizam, and thus was Secunderabad founded. Initially it encompassed an area of four square miles and had a population of 5,000 troops plus several thousand civilians, however 60 years later it had increased to 17 square miles and the population, including the armed forces was 50,000. The town continued to develop as its military functions and business opportunities drew large numbers of people from the surrounding rural areas.

View of the Husain Sagar lake to the north of Hyderabad, photographed by Deen Dayal in the 1880s. This is from the Curzon Collection: 'Views of HH the Nizam's Dominions, Hyderabad, Deccan, 1892'. Husain Sagar is an artificial lake which divides the twin cities of Secunderabad and Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. The lake was created in the 16th century by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah (r.1550-80) and named after Husain Shah Wali, who had helped the sultan recover from illness. It was created by enlarging an existing small stone dam across the valley. The lake supplied the townspeople with water as well as irrigating the surrounding land.
SEE D DIFFERENCE OF 1890s  HYD AND 2009 HYD..........

They are Gulf's Richest Indians..

By Arabian Business staff writer This email address is being protected 
from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it  on Sunday, 15 
August 2010

A new wealth survey by Arabian Business places retail king Micky Jagtiani 
on $2.65 billion, nearly $1 billion ahead of second placed BR Shetty, 
founder of the NMC Group. But, till BR Shetty was holding the Richest 
Indian in Gulf for more than a decade.
1. Micky Jagtiani, Landmark Group  $2.65bn


Billionaire ‘Micky’ Jagtiani is head of the conglomerate Landmark Group, 
and one of the most powerful figures in the Middle East retail industry.
Launched in 1973 with a single Bahrain store, Landmark Group has grown 
into one of the Gulf’s largest retail empires. Today, its brands span from
children’s fashion, footwear and cosmetics, with additional interests in 
leisure, hotels and electronics. With 900 stores in 15 countries, Jagtiani’s 
operations now turnover $3.2 billion a year and employ 31,000 staff.
And this seems to be just the beginning, with plans to increase turnover to $5.2 billion and operate 1200 stores by 2015.
Jagtiani was named highest-ranking Indian expatriate, in the 2009 Arabian Business Expat Power list. 

2. BR Shetty, NMC Group  $1.7bn

Entrepreneur B R Shetty is managing director and  CEO of the Abu  Dhabi-based New Medical Centre (NMC) Group of companies.  With initial  interests in hospitals and hospitality, Karnataka-born  Shetty has since  diversified into sectors including pharmaceuticals,  financial  services, retail, real estate and IT.
Shetty’s contributions to the fields of trade and industry have not gone   unnoticed back home in India. In 2009, the President of India awarded   him one of the country’s highest civilian honours, the ‘Padma Shri’.  

3. Chhabria family, Jumbo Group $1.45bn


From his humble beginnings as a radio-parts  trader in Mumbai, to  his final role at the helm of electronics  conglomerate Jumbo Group, the  late Manohar ‘Manu’ Chhabria was a  business force to be reckoned with. 
His aggressive acquisitions of brands including Shaw Wallace, Mather & 
Platt and Dunlop India, to name just a few, earned him the nickname 
‘takeover tycoon’.
Following Chhabria’s death in 2002, aged 56, his wife, Vidya, and three 
daughters, Komal, Bhavika and Kiran, took over the running of his 
business empire. Today, despite legal wrangling over Manu’s estate, and 
the impact of the global recession on a number of the firm’s brands, the   Chhabrias remain one of Dubai’s most prominent expatriate success 
stories.  

4. Yusuff Ali MA, Emke $1.3bn

For any UAE resident, the Lulu chain of hypermarkets is a familiar sight – 
but it’s just one of the many brands held by the Emke Group.
The group boasts an annual turnover of $3.5bn globally, and is one of the 
largest Indian-owned conglomerates in the Gulf, employing more than 
22,000 people from over 29 countries.
Heading it is ‘Padma Shri’ Yusuff Ali MA, named by The Wall Street Journal 
as one of the twenty most influential people in the UAE.
Yusuff Ali has served as board member of the Abu Dhabi Chamber of 
Commerce & Industries (ADCCI) and been conferred with the prestigious 
‘Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award’; the highest Indian government award 
given to non-resident Indians.  

5. PNC Menon, Sobha Developers $1.25bn


PNC Menon takes Oman into Forbes richest list,’ splashed a headline in 
Vijay Times, a Bangalore-based newspaper on March 10, 2007. It was a 
proud moment for the Indian city, as one of its residents, Omani citizen 
PNC Menon, took the No. 754 spot in Forbes’ 2007 list of the world’s top 
billionaires.
Born in Kerala, Menon migrated to Oman in 1976 to launch an interior 
decorating business with a partner. In 1995, spotting a gap in the real 
estate market back home in India, he founded Sobha Developers, named 
after his wife in Bangalore.
Today Sobha is one of the largest companies in Oman’s construction 
industry. Menon remains chairman of the firm.  

6. Ramesh Prabhakar, Rivoli $950 million



Ramesh Prabhakar is the managing partner, of the UAE-based Rivoli 
Group. In 1988, Rivoli Group sold just one watch brand as the company 
fought to establish itself in the Middle East. Today, it is one of the region’s 
largest importers and retailers of luxury brands. The company’s stores 
now offer products ranging from watches and menswear, to accessories, 
gift items and eyewear.  The group’s brand portfolio includes names such 
as Montblanc, Longines, Dunhill, Links of London, Kenzo and Vertu. In 
2007, Dubai International Capital acquired a “significant” stake in the 
group.  

7. Rajen Kilachand, Dosdal Group $900m



Founded more than six decades ago in Mumbai, the Dodsal Group has 
grown into a multinational conglomerate with interests in engineering, 
mining, trading and hospitality. And its chairman and president Rajen 
Kilachand has no plans to stop there.
“My aim is to have the company build on its existing strengths in the EPC 
sector and develop into a group which becomes a knowledge-based 
conglomerate and a manufacturer of high technology products for nuclear, 
space and defence,” Kilachand says in a note on his group’s website.
“The post Second World War period was dominated by Western and 
Japanese companies in these sectors. The next five years will see the 
emergence of my group as the first Middle East-based company with the 
same expertise combining technology, manpower and knowledge of Asia, 
Middle East and the Orient to compete in the global arena.”  

8. Tony Jashanmal, Jashanmal Group $800 million


With roots dating back to 1919, ‘Jashanmal’ is a household name across 
the Middle East. The group began trading in Basra, Iraq, with a single 
store. Today, executive director Tony Jashanmal leads a UAE-based 
corporation with multi-channel activities across the GCC and India.

The retail arm of the firm operates more than 100 stores across five 
countries, while Jashanmal’s distribution and wholesale division supplies 
a network covering some 1,000 points of sale. Its interests range from 
logistics to travel retail, with a diverse product group that includes home 
appliances, luggage and print media.  

9. Dr P. Mohamed Ali, Galfar $725m


As the founder of Galfar Engineering and Contracting Co, Dr P Mohamed 
Ali has earned his stripes as one of the Gulf’s leading entrepreneurs. From 
its start in 1972, the firm has grown into the single largest private sector 
employer in Oman, with an annual turnover of more than $1bn and more 
than 27,000 staff.
Outside of his business interests, Dr Ali is the founder of the Oman 
Petroleum Alliance and the former vice chairman of the state-backed 
Omanisation Joint Committee. His charitable works include founding the 
PM Foundation, which promotes education in rural Indian communities, 
and being chief patron of the Talikulam Vikas Trust.
Dr Ali has been awarded the Oman Civil Order for his services to the 
sultanate and, in 2004, received the coveted Outstanding Non-Resident 
Indian Award.  

10. Sunny Varkey, GEMS $650m

Millionaire Sunny Varkey is the epitome of a self-made man. His education 
group, GEMS, has morphed from a single Indian primary school to the 
biggest provider of K12 education in the world. Under Varkey’s steer, 
Global Education Management Systems (GEMS) today teaches 100,000 
students in 100 schools across 11 countries.
Varkey’s interests don’t end with education. The Dubai-based 
entrepreneur has fingers in a number of pies, including construction and 
healthcare.
Varkey was rated the most powerful expatriate in the Gulf’s education 
sector. He also ranked No.36 in the 2009 Arabian Business Expat Power 
list.
Varkey has been equally lauded in India for his achievements. In 2009, 
he was awarded the ‘Padma Shri’ in recognition of his contribution to 
education and social services.     

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam -- Lucknow, while delivering his lecture with the industrialists, he spoke:-

- Economic Development is powered by Competence

- Competence is powered by Knowledge

- Knowledge is powered by Technology

- Technology is powered by Innovation

- Innovation is powered by Revenue

- Revenue is powered by Volume (Repeat Sales)

- Repeat Sales is powered by Customer

- Customer is powered by Quality

- Quality is powered by Employee Productivity

- Employee Productivity is powered by Employee Loyalty

- Employee Loyalty is powered by Working Environment

- Working Environment is powered by Good Management

- Good Management is powered by Creative Leader

Dr.Abdul Kalam's letter to every Indian

Why is the media here so negative?


Why are we in India so embarrassed to recognize our own strengths, our achievements?
We are such a great nation. We have so many amazing success stories but we refuse to acknowledge them. Why?
We are the first in milk production.
We are number one in Remote sensing satellites.
We are the second largest producer of wheat.
We are the second largest producer of rice.

Look at Dr. Sudarshan , he has transferred the tribal village into a self-sustaining, self-driving unit.. There are millions of such achievements but our media is only obsessed in the bad news and failures and disasters.

I was in Tel Aviv once and I was reading the Israeli newspaper. It was the day after a lot of attacks and bombardments and deaths had taken place. The Hamas had struck. But the front page of the newspaper had the picture of a Jewish gentleman who in five years had transformed his desert into an orchid and a granary. It was this inspiring picture that everyone woke up to. The gory details of killings, bombardments, deaths, were inside in the newspaper, buried among other news.

In India we only read about death, sickness, terrorism, crime.. Why are we so NEGATIVE? Another question: Why are we, as a nation so obsessed with foreign things? We want foreign T.Vs, we want foreign shirts. We want foreign technology.Why this obsession with everything imported. Do we not realize that self-respect comes with self-reliance? I was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year old girl asked me for my autograph. I asked her what her goal in life is.. She replied: I want to live in a developed India . For her, you and I will have to build this developed India . You must proclaim. India is not an under-developed nation; it is a highly developed nation...

YOU say that our government is inefficient.
YOU say that our laws are too old.
YOU say that the municipality does not pick up the garbage.
YOU say that the phones don't work, the railways are a joke. The airline is the worst in the world, mails never reach their destination.
YOU say that our country has been fed to the dogs and is the absolute pits.YOU say, say and say..


What do YOU do about it?Take a person on his way to Singapore . Give him a name - 'YOURS'. Give him a face - 'YOURS'. YOU walk out of the airport and you are at your International best. In Singapore you don't throw cigarette butts on the roads or eat in the stores. YOU are as proud of their Underground links as they are.. You pay $5 (approx. Rs.. 60) to drive through Orchard Road (equivalent of Mahim Causeway or Pedder Road) between 5 PM and 8 PM. YOU come back to the parking lot to punch your parking ticket if you have over stayed in a restaurant or a shopping mall irrespective of your status identity… In Singapore you don't say anything, DO YOU? YOU wouldn't dare to eat in public during Ramadan, in Dubai .. YOU would not dare to go out without your head covered in Jeddah.

YOU would not dare to buy an employee of the telephone exchange in London at 10 pounds (Rs..650) a month to, 'see to it that my STD and ISD calls are billed to someone else.'YOU would not dare to speed beyond 55 mph (88 km/h) in Washington and then tell the traffic cop, 'Jaanta hai main kaun hoon (Do you know who I am?). I am so and so's son. Take your two bucks and get lost.' YOU wouldn't chuck an empty coconut shell anywhere other than the garbage pail on the beaches in Australia and New Zealand ..

Why don't YOU spit Paan on the streets of Tokyo ? Why don't YOU use examination jockeys or buy fake certificates in Boston ??? We are still talking of the same YOU. YOU who can respect and conform to a foreign system in other countries but cannot in your own. You who will throw papers and cigarettes on the road the moment you touch Indian ground. If you can be an involved and appreciative citizen in an alien country, why cannot you be the same here in India ?

In America every dog owner has to clean up after his pet has done the job. Same in Japan ..Will the Indian citizen do that here?' He's right. We go to the polls to choose a government and after that forfeit all responsibility.

We sit back wanting to be pampered and expect the government to do everything for us whilst our contribution is totally negative. We expect the government to clean up but we are not going to stop chucking garbage all over the place nor are we going to stop to pick a up a stray piece of paper and throw it in the bin. We expect the railways to provide clean bathrooms but we are not going to learn the proper use of bathrooms.

We want Indian Airlines and Air India to provide the best of food and toiletries but we are not going to stop pilfering at the least opportunity.

This applies even to the staff who is known not to pass on the service to the public.
When it comes to burning social issues like those related to women, dowry, girl child! and others, we make loud drawing room protestations and continue to do the reverse at home. Our excuse? 'It's the whole system which has to change, how will it matter if I alone forego my sons' rights to a dowry.' So who's going to change the system?What does a system consist of? Very conveniently for us it consists of our neighbours, other households, other cities, other communities and the government. But definitely not me and YOU. When it comes to us actually making a positive contribution to the system we lock ourselves along with our families into a safe cocoon and look into the distance at countries far away and wait for a Mr.Clean to come along & work miracles for us with a majestic sweep of his hand or we leave the country and run away.

Like lazy cowards hounded by our fears we run to America to bask in their glory and praise their system. When New York becomes insecure we run to England . When England experiences unemployment, we take the next flight out to the Gulf. When the Gulf is war struck, we demand to be rescued and brought home by the Indian government. Everybody is out to abuse and rape the country. Nobody thinks of feeding the system. Our conscience is mortgaged to money.Dear Indians, The article is highly thought inductive, calls for a great deal of introspection and pricks one's conscience too….. I am echoing J. F. Kennedy's words to his fellow Americans to relate to Indians…..

'ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR INDIA AND DO WHAT HAS TO BE DONE TO MAKE INDIA WHAT AMERICA AND OTHER WESTERN COUNTRIES ARE TODAY'Lets do what India needs from us.

Forward this mail to each Indian for a change instead of sending Jokes or junk mails.Thank you, Dr.. Abdul Kalam

Some Hidden Talents...

1.ARYABHATT

(476 CE) MASTER ASTRONOMER AND MATHEMATICIAN




Born  in 476 CE in Kusumpur (Bihar), Aryabhatt's intellectual brilliance   remapped the boundaries of mathematics and astronomy. In 499 CE, at  the  age of 23, he wrote a text on astronomy and an unparallel treatise  on  mathematics called "Aryabhatiyam. " He formulated the process of   calculating the motion of planets and the time of eclipses. Aryabhatt   was the first to proclaim that the earth is round, it rotates on its   axis, orbits the sun and is suspended in space - 1000 years before   Copernicus published his heliocentric theory. He is also acknowledged   for calculating p (Pi) to four decimal places: 3.1416 and the sine table   in trigonometry. Centuries later, in 825 CE, the Arab mathematician,   Mohammed Ibna Musa credited the value of Pi to the Indians, "This value   has been given by the Hindus." And above all, his most spectacular   contribution was the concept of zero without which modern computer   technology would have been non-existent. Aryabhatt was a colossus in the   field of mathematics.

2.BHASKARACHARYA II

(1114-1183 CE)



GENIUS IN ALGEBRA
Born  in the obscure village of Vijjadit (Jalgaon) in Maharastra,   Bhaskaracharya' s work in Algebra, Arithmetic and Geometry catapulted   him to fame and immortality. His renowned mathematical works called   "Lilavati" and "Bijaganita" are considered to be unparalled and a   memorial to his profound intelligence. Its translation in several   languages of the world bear testimony to its eminence. In his treatise   "Siddhant Shiromani" he writes on planetary positions, eclipses,   cosmography, mathematical techniques and astronomical equipment. In the   "Surya Siddhant" he makes a note on the force of gravity: "Objects fall   on earth due to a force of attraction by the earth. Therefore, the   earth, planets, constellations, moon, and sun are held in orbit due to   this attraction." Bhaskaracharya was the first to discover gravity, 500   years before Sir Isaac Newton. He was the champion among mathematicians   of ancient and medieval India. His works fired the imagination of   Persian and European scholars, who through research on his works earned   fame and popularity. 

3.ACHARYA KANAD
(600 BCE)



FOUNDER OF ATOMIC THEORY
As  the founder of "Vaisheshik Darshan"- one of six principal  philosophies  of India - Acharya Kanad was a genius in philosophy. He is  believed to  have been born in Prabhas Kshetra near Dwarika in Gujarat.  He was the  pioneer expounder of realism, law of causation and the  atomic theory. He  has classified all the objects of creation into nine  elements, namely:  earth, water, light, wind, ether, time, space, mind  and soul. He says,  "Every object of creation is made of atoms which in  turn connect with  each other to form molecules." His statement ushered  in the Atomic  Theory for the first time ever in the world, nearly 2500  years before  John Dalton.. Kanad has also described the dimension and  motion of atoms  and their chemical reactions with each other. The  eminent historian,  T.N. Colebrook, has said, "Compared to the  scientists of Europe, Kanad  and other Indian scientists were the global  masters of this field." 

4.NAGARJUNA (100 CE)




WIZARD OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE
He  was an extraordinary wizard of science born in the nondescript  village  of Baluka in Madhya Pradesh. His dedicated research for twelve  years  produced maiden discoveries and inventions in the faculties of  chemistry  and metallurgy. Textual masterpieces like "Ras Ratnakar,"  "Rashrudaya"  and "Rasendramangal" are his renowned contributions to the  science of  chemistry. Where the medieval alchemists of England failed,  Nagarjuna  had discovered the alchemy of transmuting base metals into  gold. As the  author of medical books like "Arogyamanjari" and  "Yogasar," he also made  significant contributions to the field of  curative medicine. Because of  his profound scholarliness and versatile  knowledge, he was appointed as  Chancellor of the famous University of  Nalanda. Nagarjuna's milestone  discoveries impress and astonish the  scientists of today.

5.ACHARYA CHARAK
(600 BCE)


FATHER OF MEDICINE
Acharya  Charak has been crowned as the Father of Medicine. His renowned  work,  the "Charak Samhita", is considered as an encyclopedia of  Ayurveda. His  principles, diagoneses, and cures retain their potency  and truth even  after a couple of millennia. When the science of anatomy  was confused  with different theories in Europe, Acharya Charak  revealed through his  innate genius and enquiries the facts on human  anatomy, embryology,  pharmacology, blood circulation and diseases like  diabetes,  tuberculosis, heart disease, etc. In the "Charak Samhita" he  has  described the medicinal qualities and functions of 100,000 herbal   plants. He has emphasized the influence of diet and activity on mind and   body. He has proved the correlation of spirituality and physical  health  contributed greatly to diagnostic and curative sciences. He has  also  prescribed and ethical charter for medical practitioners two  centuries  prior to the Hippocratic oath. Through his genius and  intuition, Acharya  Charak made landmark contributions to Ayurvedal. He  forever remains  etched in the annals of history as one of the greatest  and noblest of  rishi-scientists 

6.ACHARYA SUSHRUT
(600 BCE)


FATHER OF PLASTIC SURGERY
A  genius who has been glowingly recognized in the annals of medical   science. Born to sage Vishwamitra, Acharya Sudhrut details the first   ever surgery procedures in "Sushrut Samhita," a unique encyclopedia of   surgery. He is venerated as the father of plastic surgery and the   science of anesthesia. When surgery was in its infancy in Europe,   Sushrut was performing Rhinoplasty (restoration of a damaged nose) and   other challenging operations. In the "Sushrut Samhita," he prescribes   treatment for twelve types of fractures and six types of dislocations.   His details on human embryology are simply amazing. Sushrut used 125   types of surgical instruments including scalpels, lancets, needles,   Cathers and rectal speculums; mostly designed from the jaws of animals   and birds. He has also described a number of stitching methods; the use   of horse's hair as thread and fibers of bark. In the "Sushrut Samhita,"   and fibers of bark. In the "Sushrut Samhita," he details 300 types of   operations. The ancient Indians were the pioneers in amputation,   caesarian and cranial surgeries. Acharya Sushrut was a giant in the   arena of medical science. 

7.VARAHAMIHIR
(499-587 CE)


EMINENT ASTROLOGER AND ASTRONOMERA
renowned  astrologer and astronomer who was honored with a special  decoration and  status as one of the nine gems in the court of King  Vikramaditya in  Avanti (Ujjain). Varahamihir' s book "panchsiddhant"  holds a prominent  place in the realm of astronomy. He notes that the  moon and planets are  lustrous not because of their own light but due to  sunlight. In the  "Bruhad Samhita" and "Bruhad Jatak," he has revealed  his discoveries in  the domains of geography, constellation, science,  botany and animal  science. In his treatise on botanical science,  Varamihir presents cures  for various diseases afflicting plants and  trees. The rishi-scientist  survives through his unique contributions to  the science of astrology  and astronomy.

9.ACHARYA BHARADWAJ
(800 BCE)


PIONEER OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Acharya Bharadwaj had a hermitage in  the holy city of Prayag and was an  ordent apostle of Ayurveda and  mechanical sciences. He authored the  "Yantra Sarvasva" which includes  astonishing and outstanding  discoveries in aviation science, space  science and flying machines. He  has described three categories of flying  machines: 1.) One that flies  on earth from one place to another. 2.)  One that travels from one  planet to another. 3.) And One that travels  from one universe to  another. His designs and descriptions have  impressed and amazed  aviation engineers of today. His brilliance in  aviation technology is  further reflected through techniques described by  him:
1.) Profound Secret: The technique to make a flying machine invisible through the application of sunlight and wind force.
2.) Living Secret: The technique to make an invisible space machine visible through the application of electrical force.
3.) Secret of Eavesdropping: The technique to listen to a conversation in another plane.
4.) Visual Secrets: The technique to see what's happening inside another plane.
Through his innovative and brilliant discoveries, Acharya Bharadwaj has been recognized as the pioneer of aviation technology. 

10.ACHARYA KAPIL
(3000 BCE)


FATHER OF COSMOLOGY
Celebrated as the founder of Sankhya philosophy,  Acharya Kapil is  believed to have been born in 3000 BCE to the  illustrious sage Kardam  and Devhuti. He gifted the world with the  Sankhya School of Thought.  His pioneering work threw light on the nature  and principles of the  ultimate Soul (Purusha), primal matter (Prakruti)  and creation. His  concept of transformation of energy and profound  commentaries on atma,  non-atma and the subtle elements of the cosmos  places him in an elite  class of master achievers - incomparable to the  discoveries of other  cosmologists. On his assertion that Prakruti, with  the inspiration of  Purusha, is the mother of cosmic creation and all  energies, he  contributed a new chapter in the science of cosmology.  Because of his  extrasensory observations and revelations on the secrets  of creation,  he is recognized and saluted as the Father of Cosmology.

Autographs Of Legends.....